Comenzile de mai jos va vor ajuta sa vedeti ce partiti exista si multe alte detalii cum ar fi dimensiunea totala, spatiu folosit si sistemul de fisiere etc.
Comenzile ca fdisk, sfdisck si cfdisck sunt aplicatii generale care afiseaza informatii despre partitii dar si posibilitatea de a modifica partitiile. Comenzile fdisck, sfdisck si cfdisck nu suporta formatul de partii GPT (GUID Partition Table) si va afisa o eroare daca doriti sa le folositi pe partiti GPT.
1. fdisck – Fdisk este comanda cea mai frecevent utilizata pentru a verifica partitiile de pe un disc. Comanda fdisk ofera informatii detaliate despre partitii, cum ar fi timpul fisierelor de sistem.
$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x30093008 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 146801969 73400953+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 146802031 976771071 414984520+ f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 146802033 351614654 102406311 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda6 351614718 556427339 102406311 83 Linux /dev/sda7 556429312 560427007 1998848 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda8 560429056 976771071 208171008 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 4048 MB, 4048551936 bytes 54 heads, 9 sectors/track, 16270 cylinders, total 7907328 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0001135d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 2048 7907327 3952640 b W95 FAT32
2. sfdisk – Sfdisk este un alt utilitar cu un scop similar ca fdisk, dar cu mai multe caracteristici. Poate afisa dimensiunea fiecarei partitii in MB.
$ sudo sfdisk -l -uM Disk /dev/sda: 60801 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. Units = mebibytes of 1048576 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End MiB #blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 0+ 71680- 71681- 73400953+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 71680+ 476938 405259- 414984520+ f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda3 0 - 0 0 0 Empty /dev/sda4 0 - 0 0 0 Empty /dev/sda5 71680+ 171686- 100007- 102406311 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda6 171686+ 271693- 100007- 102406311 83 Linux /dev/sda7 271694 273645 1952 1998848 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda8 273647 476938 203292 208171008 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 1020 cylinders, 125 heads, 62 sectors/track Warning: The partition table looks like it was made for C/H/S=*/54/9 (instead of 1020/125/62). For this listing I'll assume that geometry. Units = mebibytes of 1048576 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End MiB #blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 1 3860 3860 3952640 b W95 FAT32 start: (c,h,s) expected (4,11,6) found (0,32,33) end: (c,h,s) expected (1023,53,9) found (492,53,9) /dev/sdb2 0 - 0 0 0 Empty /dev/sdb3 0 - 0 0 0 Empty /dev/sdb4 0 - 0 0 0 Empty
3. cfdisk – Cfdisk este un editor de partitii cu o interfata de folosire interactiva bazata pe ncurses. Acesta poate fi folosita pentru a lista partitiile existente, precum si crearea sau modificarea lor.
Exemplu: listarea partitiilor.
Momentat Cfdisk functioneaza doar cu o singura partitie. Daca vreti sa vedeti detaliile altei partitii sau disc, trebui sa specificati numele partitiei.
$ sudo cfdisk /dev/sdb
4. parted – Parted este o alta aplicatie pentru linia de comanda care listeaza partitiile si le modifica daca este necesar.
Exemplu: listare detalii partitie.
$ sudo parted -l Model: ATA ST3500418AS (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 500GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 75.2GB 75.2GB primary ntfs boot 2 75.2GB 500GB 425GB extended lba 5 75.2GB 180GB 105GB logical ntfs 6 180GB 285GB 105GB logical ext4 7 285GB 287GB 2047MB logical linux-swap(v1) 8 287GB 500GB 213GB logical ext4 Model: Sony Storage Media (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 4049MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 4049MB 4048MB primary fat32 boot
5. df – DF nu este un utilitar de partitionare, dar afiseaza detalii despre fisierele de sistem montate. Lista generata de DF include fisiere de sisteme ale partitiilor care nu sunt reale.
$ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda6 97G 43G 49G 48% / none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup udev 3.9G 8.0K 3.9G 1% /dev tmpfs 799M 1.7M 797M 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 3.9G 12M 3.9G 1% /run/shm none 100M 20K 100M 1% /run/user /dev/sda8 196G 154G 33G 83% /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1 /dev/sda5 98G 37G 62G 38% /media/4668484A68483B47
Doar fisierele de sisteme care incep cu /dev sunt dispozitive sau partitii reale.
Utilizati grep pentru a filtra partitiile / fisierele de sisteme.
$ df -h | grep ^/dev /dev/sda6 97G 43G 49G 48% / /dev/sda8 196G 154G 33G 83% /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1 /dev/sda5 98G 37G 62G 38% /media/4668484A68483B47
Pentru a afisa numai partitiile reale impreuna cu tipul de partitie, utilizati df astfel:
$ df -h --output=source,fstype,size,used,avail,pcent,target -x tmpfs -x devtmpfs Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda6 ext4 97G 43G 49G 48% / /dev/sda8 ext4 196G 154G 33G 83% /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1 /dev/sda5 fuseblk 98G 37G 62G 38% /media/4668484A68483B47
Retineti ca df afiseaza numai fisierele de sistem sau partitiile montate.
6. pydf – Este versiunea imbunatatita a df, scrisa in Python. Pydf afiseaza toate partitiile intr-un mod mai usor de citit.
$ pydf Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda6 96G 43G 48G 44.7 [####.....] / /dev/sda8 195G 153G 32G 78.4 [#######..] /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1 /dev/sda5 98G 36G 61G 37.1 [###......] /media/4668484A68483B47
7. lsblk – Listeaza toate blocurile de stocare, care includ partitiile si unitatile optice. Detaliile includ dimensiunea totala a partitiei/blocului si punctul de montare daca este cazul.
Nu afiseaza spatiul folosit/liber de pe disc/partitie.
$ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk ??sda1 8:1 0 70G 0 part ??sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part ??sda5 8:5 0 97.7G 0 part /media/4668484A68483B47 ??sda6 8:6 0 97.7G 0 part / ??sda7 8:7 0 1.9G 0 part [SWAP] ??sda8 8:8 0 198.5G 0 part /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1 sdb 8:16 1 3.8G 0 disk ??sdb1 8:17 1 3.8G 0 part sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
Daca nu exista nimic montat (MOUNTPOINT), atunci inseamna ca sistemul de fisiere nu este inca montata. Pentru CD/DVD acest lucru inseamna ca nu exista nici o unitate optica.
8. blkid – Afiseaa dispozitivele (partitii si medii de stocare), atributele UUID si tipul de fisiere de sistem. Nu afiseaza spatiul de la partitii.
$ sudo blkid /dev/sda1: UUID="5E38BE8B38BE6227" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda5: UUID="4668484A68483B47" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda6: UUID="6fa5a72a-ba26-4588-a103-74bb6b33a763" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda7: UUID="94443023-34a1-4428-8f65-2fb02e571dae" TYPE="swap" /dev/sda8: UUID="13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdb1: UUID="08D1-8024" TYPE="vfat"
9. hwinfo – Hwinfo este un instrument general de informatii cu scop hardware si poate fi utilizat pentru a afisa lista cu partitiile si discurile optice.
$ hwinfo --block --short disk: /dev/sda ST3500418AS /dev/sdb Sony Storage Media partition: /dev/sda1 Partition /dev/sda2 Partition /dev/sda5 Partition /dev/sda6 Partition /dev/sda7 Partition /dev/sda8 Partition /dev/sdb1 Partition cdrom: /dev/sr0 SONY DVD RW DRU-190